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What is a sample size?

The sample size is a term used to define the number of individuals in a research study to represent the whole population. It is often broken down into smaller groups or sub-groups by demographics such as location, gender, and age so that the total sample represents the entire population.

Typically, you are interested in the entire group when surveying a large population of respondents. However, getting answers or results from everyone is not realistically possible. Therefore, you need to take a random sample of individuals representing the whole population.

Why does a sample size matter?

The sample size is crucial for getting accurate, statistically significant results and successfully running your study.

  • If your sample is too small, your survey may include a disproportionate number of individuals, anomalies, and outliers. These lead to skewed results, and you will not acquire a fair picture of the whole population.
  • If the sample is too big, the study becomes complex, expensive, and time-consuming.

Pourquoi devriez-vous suivre la marge d'erreur ?

Il y aura toujours une présence d'incertitude et d'imprécision puisqu'un groupe d'échantillonnage (vos répondants à l'enquête) représente une population plus grande, tandis que les échantillons d'enquête représentent une partie de votre population cible.

L'existence de la MOE est donc de calculer cette imprécision inhérente, ce qui permet aux chercheurs de voir à quel point les résultats de leur enquête représentent de manière concluante une population particulière.

De plus, la MOE est également bénéfique lorsque vous ne pouvez pas enregistrer les réponses de chaque personne que vous souhaitez interroger. Par exemple, sonder toute la population de Hong Kong n'est pas faisable. Cependant, vous pouvez choisir un ensemble de personnes représentatif de ce groupe, puis baser vos résultats d'enquête sur eux.

La MOE vous aide à déterminer la précision d'une valeur en l'exprimant sous forme de plage ce qui représente la réponse par rapport à l'ensemble de la population cible..

En général, le calcul de la MOE aidera à spécifier la probabilité que le résultat de votre enquête soit proche du résultat obtenu si l'ensemble de la population avait été sondé. Sa valeur est déterminante pour évaluer le niveau de précision de votre enquête.

How to determine a sample size?

To define your sample size, you must first consider the five following variables.

To determine the total number of people you are surveying or the population size, you must first be clear about who does and doesn’t fit into your group.

For instance, if you want to know about cat owners, you need to include those who have owned at least one cat. (Depending on your research goals, you may include or exclude those who previously owned a cat.)

Don’t worry if you’re unable to calculate the exact number. It’s common to have an unknown number or an estimated range.

The margin of error (MOE) or confidence interval is the error allowed in a research study. It shows you how close the sample results will be concerning the actual value of the overall population included in the study.

The confidence level is closely related to the confidence interval or the margin of error. This value measures the degree of certainty that a sample represents the whole population within the margin of error.

  • When the confidence level is chosen as 95%, you can be 95% confident that the results will accurately fall within the margin of error you decided.
  • When a more significant confidence level is chosen, it shows greater accuracy. Some of the most common confidence levels used in studies are 99% confident, 95% confident, and 90% confident.

The standard deviation indicates how much variation can be foreseen from the responses of the study.

  • Consider a sample where 1% of the survey respondents choose "No", and 99% say "Yes", meaning that the sample accurately represents the overall population.
  • In another instance, if 55% say "No" and 45% say "Yes," there could be a greater chance of error.

Since standard deviation is difficult to calculate in an actual survey, most people use 0.5 (50%) as the value, which is the worst-case scenario percentage.

Using this value will ensure that the figured sample size represents the overall population within the confidence interval and the confidence level in an accurate manner.

The Z-Score is a constant value that depends on the confidence level. Z-Score shows the typical standard score between the average/mean of the population and any selected value.

Since the confidence levels are all standardized, most researchers memorize the required Z-Score for most of the commonly used confidence levels, as below:

Niveau de confiance

How To Calculate The Sample Size

How to calculate the sample size?

Foire aux Questions

 

The larger the sample size, the more statistically significant it is. It means there’s less chance that your results happened by coincidence.

 

The sample size is essential for collecting accurate results. The formula calculates the sample size for an infinite population: S= Z2 × P × (1−P)M2(1−P)M2

Note that:

  • S is the sample size for an infinite population
  • Z is Z score
  • P is population proportion ( Assumed as 50% or 0.5)
  • M is the Margin of error

 

Slovin’s formula allows sampling the population with a preferred degree of accuracy. It gives an idea of how large the sample size should be to guarantee reasonable accuracy of results.

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Utilize our easy-to-use Margin of Error Calculator to determine the confidence interval for your upcoming survey.